You can create a change spec that covers the whole existing document:
view.dispatch({changes: {
from: 0,
to: view.state.doc.length,
insert: 'my new content'
}})
See also CodeMirror 6: Setting the contents of the editor
Or you can call view.setState(...)
to complete replace the current state:
view.setState(EditorState.create({doc: 'my new content'}))
(but you also need to pass any extensions you are using)